circuit symbols
a tiny cheat-sheet for reading schematics. symbols vary by standard; resistors may be a zig-zag (ANSI) or a rectangle (IEC).
| symbol | name | notes |
|---|---|---|
| ⏚ | ground | reference 0 V |
| ⎓ | dc source | battery/regulator output |
| \/\/\/ | resistor | limits current / divides voltage |
| |‖| | capacitor | two plates; polarized variant marks + |
| ▷| | diode | triangle → line; conventional current flows from triangle to line. LED adds two arrows out. |
| ⊲+ | op-amp | triangle with +/− inputs (power pins often omitted) |
| ꩜ | inductor | coil for filtering/energy storage |
| ⏼ | switch | SPST/DPDT variants |
| ▭▭ | IC | multi-pin rectangle; watch pin 1 mark |
| BJT / MOSFET | transistor | BJT: arrow on emitter; MOSFET: G-D-S with body diode |
pro tip: label nets (e.g., VCC, SCL, LED_A) so the schematic reads like a story.